Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Restless Legs Syndrome with Depression among Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

This study emphasis on assessing the impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) in relation to depression, particularly among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A total of 45 patients from the dialysis unit at A.C.S. Medical College and Hospitals were evaluated using the STOP-BANG questionnaire for OSA, the RLS Rating Scale questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression. Findings revealed that the majority of patients exhibited moderate to severe symptoms of RLS and OSA, along with moderate to severe levels of depression. Notably, 18 patients (11 males and 7 females) demonstrated significant symptoms of both OSA and RLS. These patients also had higher BDI scores, with 40% showing severe depressive symptoms, compared to those with only mild to moderate symptoms of OSA and RLS. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation between OSA and depression (n=18, p=0.000; n=45, p=0.000), as well as between RLS and depression (n=18, p=0.000; n=45, p=0.000). Additionally, a strong association between OSA and RLS was observed among the 18 patients with co-occurring symptoms of depression (p=0.010). In conclusion, OSA and RLS are prevalent comorbidities in HD patients and are strongly associated with depression and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these conditions are crucial for improving mental health outcomes and overall quality of life in this vulnerable population.